Acquisition d’opérons bactériens par les levures
Les opérons sont une caractéristique des génomes bactériens, où ils permettent l’expression concertée de gènes fonctionnellement apparentés sous la forme de transcrits polycistroniques uniques. Ils sont rares chez les eucaryotes, où chaque gène entraîne habituellement l’expression de ses propres ARN messagers indépendamment. Dans ce contexte, les chercheurs du groupe de Chris Todd Hittinger (Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) ont récemment fait une découverte majeure dans le domaine de la mycologie en montrant pour la première fois le transfert horizontal d’opéron d’une voie de biosynthèse de métabolites permettant la récupération du fer extracellulaire (nommés sidérophores) de bactéries proches d’Escherichia coli vers des levures bourgeonnantes (Saccharomycotina). Plus précisément, ils ont mis en évidence que ces groupes de gènes sont disposés dans les génomes de manière co-linéaire chez les bactéries et les levures, présentent des caractéristiques de transcription proprement eucaryotes chez les levures, et leur permettent ainsi de séquestrer et de capturer le fer. La récupération du fer extracellulaire chez l’hôte, facteur majeur de pathogénicité chez les espèces fongiques infectant l’Homme, semblent donc être un caractère ayant été hérité des bactéries au cours de l’évolution de ces microorganismes …
Kominek J, Doering DT, Opulente DA, Shen XX, Zhou X, DeVirgilio J, Hulfachor AB, Groenewald M, Mcgee MA, Karlen SD, Kurtzman CP, Rokas A, Hittinger CT. Eukaryotic Acquisition of a Bacterial Operon. Cell. 2019 Mar 7;176(6):1356-1366. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30799038
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