Le facteur agrégatif antigène 43 structure les populations d’Escherichia coli
Les Escherichia coli diarrhégéniques (DEC) sont responsables de pathologies touchant principalement les jeunes enfants, résultant de la consommation d’aliments contaminés. Les capacités de contamination de la chaîne alimentaire depuis le portage animal, l’aliment et l’infection chez l’Homme dépendent de facteurs de colonisation sécrétés et souvent exposés en surface de ces bactéries. Si l’antigène 43 (Ag43) est un facteur agrégatif reconnu pour être impliqué dans le processus de colonisation des E. coli, sa prévalence et sa diversité mais aussi ses fonctions biologiques restent peu étudiées.
L’analyse phylogénétique de la diversité des Ag43 couplée à de la modélisation structurale a permis de révéler 4 classes distinctes d’Ag43 associées à des réarrangements des régions N- et C-terminales. Suite à l’expression d’Ag43 prototypiques de ces différentes classes et issus d’E. coli commensaux ou pathogènes, les interactions microbiennes ont été étudiées en microscopie à fluorescence, en cytométrie de flux et en microscopie à force atomique. Tandis que chacune des 4 classes d’Ag43 permet aux bactéries d’interagir et d’autoagréger, entrainant une sédimentation des cellules, les interactions entre différentes classes d’Ag43 ne se produisent que rarement et toujours moins efficacement que lorsqu’il s’agit du même Ag43.
Les nombreuses implications écophysiologiques et physiopathologiques qui découlent de la reconnaissance différentielle des 4 classes d’Ag43 restent à élucider. Outre leur rôle de facteurs de colonisation, ces différentes classes d’Ag43 structurent et stratifient les populations d’E. coli. L’expression de différentes classes d’Ag43 par une même souche d’E. coli permettrait des interactions différentielles avec des sous-populations de cette même espèce bactérienne aussi bien de souches pathogènes que commensales et jouerait donc un rôle social dit de “barbe verte”. La meilleure compréhension du rôle de l’Ag43 dans un processus de sélection altruiste pourrait permettre à long terme de développer de nouvelles stratégies de prévention en vue de limiter la contamination de la chaîne alimentaire, depuis le portage animal, et de diminuer de facto le risque d’infections chez l’Homme.
Contact : Mickaël Desvaux-Lenôtre (mickael.desvaux@inra.fr), INRA, UMR MEDIS
Référence bibliographique :
Ageorges V, Schiavone M, Jubelin G, Caccia N, Ruiz P, Chafsey I, Bailly X, Dague E, Leroy S, Paxman J, Heras B, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Rossiter AE, Henderson IR, Desvaux M. 2019. Differential homotypic and heterotypic interactions of antigen 43 (Ag43) variants in autotransporter-mediated bacterial autoaggregation. Scientific Reports. 9:11100. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47608-4.
Illustration
Interactions bactériennes entre des E. coli exprimant différentes classes d’Ag43.
Les cellules exprimant les Ag43 de classe 1 (C1) et C4 se reconnaissent et forment des agrégats mixtes.
Les cellules exprimant les Ag43 C1 et C2 ne se reconnaissent pas et forment seulement des autoagrégats, ce qui entraîne une discrimination des populations d’E. coli.
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